Lights, Camera, Cruelty? The Dark History of Animals in Entertainment
It’s easy to get lost in the magic of movies – the thrilling chariot races, the hilarious animal sidekicks, the majestic wildlife on screen. But behind Hollywood’s glitz and glamor often lies a troubling reality – animal cruelty. Animal cruelty and mistreatment have long been a part of the entertainment industry’s history. From early motion picture stunts that endangered horses to modern film productions that quietly sideline on-set incidents, the journey toward ethical treatment of animals in entertainment has been a rocky one.
Early Hollywood: When Animal Cruelty Was the Norm
In the early days of Hollywood, there were few rules protecting animal actors. Animal cruelty was “par for the course” during the 1920s and ’30s, and some famous epics exacted a horrific toll on their four-legged performers.
One infamous example is the silent motion picture Ben-Hur (1925). The film’s climactic chariot race remains thrilling even today, but it came at a significant price: at least 100 horses were killed during the filming of that single scene. A decade later, Warner Bros.’ The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936) used tripwires (the notorious "running W" technique) to make dozens of horses fall in battle scenes. Roughly 125 horses were tripped with wires, and about 25 were killed or had to be euthanized as a result.
The cruelty was so egregious that actor Errol Flynn attacked the director in anger. Public outrage helped spur the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) to advocate for banning tripwires in films.
Another turning point came with Jesse James (1939), a Western that staged a scene in which two horses, outfitted with blinders painted with fake eyes, were tricked into galloping off a 75-foot cliff. Both horses plunged to their deaths for the sake of the shot.
When word of this cruelty got out, it sparked widespread public outcry. The message was clear: audiences were no longer willing to stomach animals in circuses performing dangerous stunts, or being killed for a movie. Under pressure, Hollywood’s governing Hays Office partnered with the American Humane Association (AHA) to ban such blatant cruelty on film.
By 1940, the AHA had opened an office in Hollywood specifically to fight abuse of animals in film and TV, prompted by the Jesse James incident. This eventually led to the now-familiar reassuring phrase, “No animals were harmed in the making of this film.” The first movie to officially carry that American Humane Society certification was The Doberman Gang in 1972, and it became a staple in end credits as a promise to audiences that animal safety was monitored during the film's production.
“No Animals Were Harmed”? The Behind-the-Scenes Truth
The phrase “No animals were harmed” is meant to reassure. But behind the scenes, that promise hasn’t always held up. A 2013 Hollywood Reporter investigation uncovered that the American Humane Association—responsible for monitoring animal safety—often overlooked or downplayed serious incidents. Internal documents revealed dozens of on-set injuries, including horses fatally impaled or trampled during film production, yet many of those films still received the familiar AHA endorsement.
That’s because the badge mainly covers what happens between “Action” and “Cut.” It excludes what animals endure during training, housing, or transport. In practice, this means films where wild animals suffer off-camera can still earn the “No animals were harmed” label.
Take Life of Pi (2012), where a real tiger nearly drowned during filming. Or The Hobbit trilogy, which saw 27 animals—including big cats, goats, and chickens—die due to hazardous living conditions at an off-site farm. None of these deaths occurred during filming, so they weren’t flagged.
Horses remain especially vulnerable. In 2012, HBO canceled Luck after three horses died on set, sparking lawsuits and allegations of neglect. And in 2023, a horse collapsed and died on the set of The Rings of Power—despite an AHA rep being present. Groups like PETA are calling for a full transition to CGI, arguing it’s no longer necessary—or ethical—to put animals in dangerous situations for the screen.
These stories remind us that animal cruelty in the entertainment industry often hides in plain sight. Whether it’s a circus act or a dramatic movie scene, forcing animals to perform tricks under stress has long been accepted. But that’s starting to change—thanks to public awareness and technology that gives animals a break from the spotlight.
Shifting Toward CGI and Ethical Alternatives
One of the most promising developments helping reduce animal suffering in entertainment is the rise of realistic computer-generated imagery (CGI). In the past, if a script called for, say, a tiger to appear on screen, filmmakers had little choice but to use a real tiger (often a trained captive big cat) and hope for the best. Today, however, the entertainment industry can create incredibly lifelike animal characters with computers – no live animals required. This shift toward CGI and other special effects has dramatically reduced the need for live animals on set, sparing countless animal's lives from the stress of cinematic production.
Hollywood has increasingly embraced this humane tech-driven approach. Recent blockbusters have proven that audiences will eagerly accept digital animals as long as the story is good. Disney’s The Jungle Book (2016) and The Lion King (2019), for example, featured photo-realistic jungle animals and lions created entirely through CGI – no real animals were used in those productions. Yet, the visuals were convincing and captivated millions.
In the Planet of the Apes reboot series (2011–2017), advanced motion-capture allowed human actors to perform ape characters, later rendered with CGI; not a single real chimp or gorilla was ever on camera, a decision praised by animal rights groups. And in 2014’s biblical epic Noah, director Darren Aronofsky made a point of populating the ark with CGI animals rather than live ones.
Beyond CGI, other ethical solutions are emerging, too. Some productions use animatronics (lifelike robotic animals) or carefully edited stock footage of real animals in the wild. Increasingly, writers are modifying scripts to avoid scenes that would be hard to film humanely. All these trends point to a future where no animal needs to be put at risk or in discomfort for our entertainment.
Advocacy Spotlight: Bobbi Brink Leads the Charge
As the public becomes aware of the dark history of animal suffering behind some of their favorite films, demand is growing for animal rights and welfare to take center stage. This is where advocates and educators like Lions Tigers & Bears founder Bobbi Brink have stepped up, helping to drive home the message that Hollywood can – and must – do better by its animal stars.
Brink has made it her mission to educate Hollywood insiders and the public about the ethical costs of using live animals for entertainment. In a move that might have seemed unconventional years ago, she’s taken the cause straight to pop culture fans, appearing at major conventions like WonderCon and San Diego Comic-Con to reach a broader audience.
At WonderCon 2025, Bobbi Brink joined filmmakers and animal advocates on a panel aptly titled “Animals On Screen.” There, in front of an audience of comic book and movie fans, she dove into Hollywood’s fascination with animals used in film, the abuse that takes place off-screen, and ethical solutions moving forward. This behind-the-scenes discussion highlighted how beloved animal characters are often the product of suffering that never makes it into the DVD extras.
She has continued this outreach at events like San Diego Comic-Con, participating in a high-profile panel alongside award-winning directors, producers, and CGI specialists. Together, they highlighted Hollywood’s long history of animal abuse and championed the new era of humane filmmaking.
Sanctuaries: Where Retired Stars and Rescued Wildlife Go
When the cameras stop rolling, where do the animals go? For many rescued from the entertainment industry, circuses, roadside zoos, or illegal ownership, true safety begins at sanctuaries like Lions Tigers & Bears. Founded by Bobbi Brink, this no-breed, no-contact facility offers former animal performers—big cats, bears, and other exotic animals—a second chance at life in a peaceful, natural habitat, far from the stress and noise of sets and crowds.
Here, animals aren’t forced to perform tricks or live in confinement. They roam large, enriched enclosures, receive veterinary care, and rediscover what it means to simply exist in peace. Each resident reminds us why wild animals suffer when used for entertainment and why animal welfare must come first.
Sanctuaries like LTB also help educate the general public. Visitors learn the truth about animal cruelty, hear survivors' stories, and leave with a deeper respect for animal rights. And when shows or zoos shut down, sanctuaries often step in, proving they’re not just safe havens but critical partners in ending the cycle of animal abuse.You can help rewrite this narrative. Support and donate to Lions Tigers & Bears, amplify our work, and speak out for humane, cruelty-free film production. No animal should suffer behind the scenes. Let’s demand better for their safety and a more ethical future in entertainment.